Treatments & Procedures
A practical guide to conservative care, diagnostic procedures, and surgical options for pelvic floor and complex gynecologic concerns.
These pages are educational and are meant to make consultations easier. Suitability, risks, and recovery depend on your symptoms, exam findings, and goals.
Conservative Care
Non-surgical options that can reduce symptoms, support daily function, or prepare for future decisions.
4 guides
Bladder Training
Behavioral therapy to retrain the bladder and reduce urgency, frequency, and incontinence.
Pelvic Floor Physiotherapy
Supervised pelvic floor muscle training to improve support, continence, and symptom management.
Pessary Management
Non-surgical vaginal device therapy for pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence.
Vaginal Estrogen Therapy
Local hormonal therapy to improve vaginal and urinary tissue health in postmenopausal women.
Diagnostic Procedures
Tests and procedures used to clarify the cause of symptoms and guide the safest treatment plan.
2 guides
Cystoscopy
Direct visualization of the bladder and urethra using a small camera to evaluate urinary symptoms, recurrent infections, and intraoperative findings.
Hysteroscopy
Direct visualization of the uterine cavity using a small camera to diagnose and treat abnormal bleeding, polyps, fibroids, and other intrauterine conditions.
Minimally Invasive Surgery
Laparoscopic, cystoscopic, and implant-based procedures designed to reduce surgical trauma where appropriate.
12 guides
Botulinum Toxin Bladder Injections
Cystoscopic injection of botulinum toxin for refractory overactive bladder.
Diagnostic Laparoscopy
Minimally invasive camera-guided diagnostic procedure for pelvic pain, endometriosis, and unclear pelvic findings.
Laparoscopic Burch Colposuspension with Paravaginal Repair
Minimally invasive surgery to treat stress urinary incontinence and paravaginal defects by restoring support to the bladder neck and anterior vaginal wall.
Laparoscopic Cerclage
Minimally invasive placement of a cervical cerclage for cervical insufficiency and recurrent pregnancy loss, typically performed prior to or in early pregnancy.
Laparoscopic Excision of Endometriosis
Complete surgical excision of endometriosis using minimally invasive techniques.
Laparoscopic Hysterectomy
Minimally invasive removal of the uterus for fibroids, endometriosis, prolapse, and other gynecologic conditions.
Laparoscopic Myomectomy
Minimally invasive removal of uterine fibroids while preserving the uterus.
Laparoscopic Sacrocolpopexy
Minimally invasive apical prolapse repair with the highest long-term anatomical success rates.
Laparoscopic Tubal Reversal
Private-pay laparoscopic microsurgical reconnection of the fallopian tubes after previous tubal ligation, with individualized counselling about success rates, ectopic pregnancy risk, and IVF alternatives.
Laparoscopic Uterosacral Ligament Suspension
Minimally invasive native-tissue apical prolapse repair that restores support to the top of the vagina or cervix using the uterosacral ligaments.
Sacral Neuromodulation
Implantable nerve stimulator for refractory overactive bladder and fecal incontinence.
Urethral Bulking Injections
Minimally invasive injection therapy for mild stress urinary incontinence.
Vaginal Surgery
Native-tissue and vaginal approaches for prolapse, continence, and pelvic support concerns.
6 guides
Anterior Vaginal Wall Repair (Anterior Colporrhaphy)
Vaginal surgery to restore bladder support and correct anterior compartment prolapse.
Apical Suspension Procedures
Surgical techniques to support the top of the vagina or uterus using native tissue or mesh-based fixation.
Colpocleisis
Total or partial vaginal closure for advanced prolapse in selected patients.
Midurethral Sling
The most commonly performed surgical procedure for stress urinary incontinence.
Posterior Vaginal Wall Repair (Posterior Colporrhaphy)
Vaginal surgery to restore rectal support and correct posterior compartment prolapse.
Vaginal Hysterectomy
Removal of the uterus through the vagina, often combined with prolapse repair.